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University of California Press

About the Book

A free open access ebook is upon publication. Learn more at www.luminosoa.org.

Flight during times of persecution has a long and fraught history in early Christianity. In the third century, bishops who fled were considered cowards or, worse yet, heretics. On the face, flight meant denial of Christ and thus betrayal of faith and community. But by the fourth century, the terms of persecution changed as Christianity became the favored cult of the Roman Empire. Prominent Christians who fled and survived became founders and influencers of Christianity over time. 
 
Bishops in Flight examines the various ways these episcopal leaders both appealed to and altered the discourse of Christian flight to defend their status as purveyors of Christian truth, even when their exiles appeared to condemn them. Their stories illuminate how profoundly Christian authors deployed theological discourse and the rhetoric of heresy to respond to the phenomenal political instability of the fourth and fifth centuries.

About the Author

Jennifer Barry is Assistant Professor of Religion at University of Mary Washington.

Table of Contents

Prologue
Abbreviations


Introduction
The Discourse of Flight
Explorations of Exile
Episcopal Exile
Models of Exile
Heresiology and Exile
Episcopal Exile and Displacement
Outline of Book

1. Athanasius of Alexandria in Flight
How to Construct a Model City: Alexandria
If These Walls Could Talk: Defense Before Constantius
A Wall-Less Desert: Defense of His Flight
A Model City without Walls: Life of Antony
Conclusion
Contents

2. How to Return from Flight
How to Rehabilitate a Failed Bishop: Gregory of Nazianzus
How to Construct a Model City: Constantinople
A Model Exile: In Praise of Basil the Great
A Model Return: In Praise of Athanasius
Conclusion

3. John Chrysostom in Flight
A Man in Flight: John Chrysostom
How to Construct a Model City: Antioch
Bishops Who Die in Flight: Meletius of Antioch
How Not to Flee: Theophilus of Alexandria
Bishops Who Do Not Return
Conclusion

4. To Rehabilitate and Return a Bishop in Flight
How to Diagnose Exile: Ps.-Martyrius’s Funerary Speech
How to Interpret Exile: Palladius of Helenopolis’s Dialogue on the
Life of John Chrysostom

How to Return from Exile: Athanasius and John Chrysostom
Conclusion

5. To Condemn a Bishop in Flight
How to Condemn a Model City: Nicomedia
An Unorthodox Return from Flight: Eusebius of Nicomedia
How to Rehabilitate a Bishop: Philostorgius of Cappadocia’s
Ecclesiastical History
How to Condemn a Model Exile: Socrates of Constantinople’s
Ecclesiastical History
How to Rehabilitate a Condemned City: Theodoret of Cyrrhus’s
Ecclesiastical History
Conclusion
Contents

6. Remembering Exile
Remembering a Not-So-Model City: Antioch
Martyrs and Bishops in Flight
How to Remember Orthodox Flight: Sozomen of Constantinople’s
Ecclesiastical History
Competing Memories: Socrates and Sozomen
Conclusion

Epilogue
Bibliography
Index

Reviews

"An excellent contribution to our understanding of a period rife with theologico-political competition that resulted in numerous, complex situations of episcopal displacement."
Reading Religion
"This slim, elegant volume constitutes a noteworthy and welcome contribution to our understanding of exilic discourse and the construction of the figure of the bishop in the fourth and fifth centuries. A stimulating read."
Plekos

"Barry is an excellent guide on how to read late antique polemic texts.…this enjoyable book fully achieves its objective of showing why ‘Tertullian's critique…was eventually replaced by Athanasius' promotion of the bishop in flight’. It was through telling the right exile stories, at the right place, at the right time."

Early Medieval Europe
“This exciting book offers the first sustained examination of flight during times of persecution. Barry shows how early Christian leaders framed their flight as exile in defense of orthodoxy, a move to avoid being perceived as traitors that over time made flight into exile part of the episcopal experience. This book represents a significant contribution to the study of late antiquity that general readers are sure to find highly stimulating.”—Susanna Elm, author of Sons of Hellenism, Fathers of the Church: Emperor Julian, Gregory of Nazianzus, and the Vision of Rome

"Bishops in Flight is a fascinating meditative exploration of the shifting nature of exile and its uses in late ancient Christianity. Barry depicts with lucid prose the adoptions and adaptations Christian bishops made of the concept in order to tap the authority exile could grant to those who managed it well. Those who study early church politics and imperial power will relish this book."—Ellen Muehlberger, author of Moment of Reckoning: Imagined Death and Its Consequences in Late Ancient Christianity