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University of California Press

About the Book

Surfing today evokes many things: thundering waves, warm beaches, bikinis and lifeguards, and carefree pleasure. But is the story of surfing really as simple as popular culture suggests? In this first international political history of the sport, Scott Laderman shows that while wave riding is indeed capable of stimulating tremendous pleasure, its globalization went hand in hand with the blood and repression of the long twentieth century.  

Emerging as an imperial instrument in post-annexation Hawaii, spawning a form of tourism that conquered the littoral Third World, tracing the struggle against South African apartheid, and employed as a diplomatic weapon in America's Cold War arsenal, the saga of modern surfing is only partially captured by Gidget, the Beach Boys, and the film Blue Crush. From nineteenth-century American empire-building in the Pacific to the low-wage labor of the surf industry today, Laderman argues that surfing in fact closely mirrored American foreign relations. Yet despite its less-than-golden past, the sport continues to captivate people worldwide.

Whether in El Salvador or Indonesia or points between, the modern history of this cherished pastime is hardly an uncomplicated story of beachside bliss. Sometimes messy, occasionally contentious, but never dull, surfing offers us a whole new way of viewing our globalized world.

About the Author

Scott Laderman is Associate Professor of History at the University of Minnesota, Duluth, and the author of Tours of Vietnam: War, Travel Guides, and Memory.

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Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS       

INTRODUCTION.  A Political History of Surfing
       
CHAPTER 1.  How Surfing Became American: The Imperial Roots 
  of Modern Surf Culture

CHAPTER 2.  A World Made Safe for Discovery: Travel, Cultural  
  Diplomacy, and the Politics of Surf Exploration

CHAPTER 3.  Paradise Found: The Discovery of Indonesia and the 
  Surfing Imagination

CHAPTER 4.  When Surfing Discovered It Was Political: Confronting 
  South African Apartheid

CHAPTER 5.  Industrial Surfing: The Commodification of Experience 

EPILOGUE.  A New Millennium      

NOTES

INDEX          

Reviews

"What Laderman presents is a fascinating account of a sport whose proponents believed it to be apolitical, but facing the politics of a modern world."
H-Net
"Laderman’s history offers intriguing moments in which he pulls together surfing narratives of soldiers and other state agents— illustrating the degree to which pleasure and power were intimately linked in the world that American foreign policy produced."
The Journal of American History
"An authoritative account of the intersection of politics and surfing."
The Surfer's Journal
"A richly documented and compactly written monograph."
American Historical Review
"Well-written and engaging."
Asian Review of Books
"Empire in Waves deserves the widest possible audience. . . . An excellent example of entertaining writing from a
scholar."
Journal of Sports History
"Empire in Waves raises important and underanalysed issues in surfing history and culture. With its impressive notes and bibliography, it will contribute to university classrooms and aid academic research in future surfing scholarship."
The Journal of Pacific History
"Empire of Waves is the best (anti-)beach book I’ve read in a long time. I highly recommend taking Laderman on vacation with you—he’ll absolutely ruin it."
Make Magazine
"Laderman’s highly-readable and broadly-documented analysis of surfing’s political history is a timely arrival, not only to the rapidly-evolving scholarly index of surf studies, but also to a contemporary waveriding culture forcefully embracing the political potential of surf-driven initiatives in the form of non-profits, Enviro Business, and drives for sustainability across the surfing world."
Canadian Journal of History
"Laderman has joined a sophisticated discussion of the global history of surfing to a careful examination of its relationship to the cultural politics of United States engagement with the wider world. The chronological frame and impressive transnational source base he utilizes allow him to consider not only the long arc of surfing history but also to root his discussion of its relationship to American diplomacy and global politics in a deeper historical frame."
—Mark Philip Bradley, The University of Chicago

"Laderman's book provides a much needed ballast to the history of surfing, orienting it in a global historical context that allows us to gaze at the activity through the lens of the political. This is a much needed addition to the narrative surf canon that has largely overlooked the socio-political impacts of surfing as it has evolved into a multi-billion dollar global industry."
—Cori Schumacher, three-time Women's World Longboard Champion and two-time North American Women's Longboard Champion

"This book combines the rich detail of first-class historical research with the insight of a lifelong surfer, tracing the rise of surfing in the context of the rise of imperialism and global capitalism. In doing so, it exposes the darkness that often lay at the heart of the search for the perfect wave. This is a book that must be read by historians of leisure, sports scholars and critically-minded surfers."
—Tony Collins, author of Sport in Capitalist Society: A Short History

Media

In this TED-Ed video, Empire in Waves author Scott Laderman shares the complicated and hidden history of surfing.