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University of California Press

About the Book

The first worldwide revision of the wasp genus Ufens Girault, 1911 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae: Oligositinae) is presented. Ufens is known to parasitize primarily hemipteran eggs and is a cosmopolitan genus most common in temperate and semi-arid regions such as the southwestern United States and Australia. Forty-three species are recognized here. Included in the revision are five species formerly in the genus Ufensia, herein synonymized, and 32 new species. In addition, seven species are removed from Ufens and placed in renewed combination in Mirufens. Because thirteen nominal species remain unidentifiable they are treated as nomina dubia. A worldwide key to species is provided. A preliminary phylogenetic hypothesis is presented utilizing both molecular and morphological data in maximum parsimony analysis. Molecular data, however, are limited to twelve of the recognized species. Thirty-seven morphological characters were utilized, both alone and together with molecular data. Due to greater confidence in molecular results and overall lack of resolution, the results of the paired-down molecular plus morphological analysis were utilized as a backbone for analyzing the complete morphological data set. Overall, results are inconclusive, with few relationships consistently recovered. There does appear to be a Holarctic clade, but even this result is tenuous.

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION
Scope of Work 
Trichogrammatidae
Biological Control
Ufens Revision
 
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Specimen Preparation and Examination 
Terminology and Measurements 
Description Format 
Phylogenetic Relationships
Analyses
Outgroups
Characters
 
RESULTS
Molecular Plus Morphological Analysis
Morphological Analysis
 
DISCUSSION
Phylogenetic Analysis
Biogeography
 
REVISION OF UFENS
Ufens description 
Key to Ufens Species of the World
Ufens Species Descriptions
Ufens acacia
Ufens acuminatus 
Ufens aperserratus 
Ufens apollo
Ufens austini 
Ufens australensis
Ufens bestiolis 
Ufens cardalia
Ufens ceratus
Ufens cupuliformis 
Ufens debachi
Ufens decipiens 
Ufens dilativena
Ufens dolichopenis 
Ufens elimaeae 
Ufens flavipes
Ufens foersteri
Ufens forcipis
Ufens gloriosus
Ufens hercules
Ufens invaginatus
Ufens kender
Ufens khamai
Ufens kurrajong 
Ufens lanna 
Ufens messapus 
Ufens mezentius
Ufens mirabilis
Ufens nazgul
Ufens niger
Ufens noyesi 
Ufens pallidus 
Ufens parvimalis
Ufens pintoi
Ufens placoides
Ufens principalis
Ufens rimatus
Ufens similis
Ufens simplipenis
Ufens spicifer 
Ufens taniae 
Ufens thylacinus 
Ufens vectis
Nomina dubia