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University of California Press

About the Book

During the French Revolution, hundreds of domestic and working-class women of Paris were interrogated, examined, accused, denounced, arrested, and imprisoned for their rebellious and often hostile behavior. Here, for the first time in English translation, Dominique Godineau offers an illuminating account of these female revolutionaries. As nurturing and tender as they are belligerent and contentious, these are not singular female heroines but the collective common women who struggled for bare subsistence by working in factories, in shops, on the streets, and on the home front while still finding time to participate in national assemblies, activist gatherings, and public demonstrations in their fight for the recognition of women as citizens within a burgeoning democracy.

Relying on exhaustive research in historical archives, police accounts, and demographic resources at specific moments of the Revolutionary period, Godineau describes the private and public lives of these women within their precise political, social, historical, and gender-specific contexts. Her insightful and engaging observations shed new light on the importance of women as instigators, activists, militants, and decisive revolutionary individuals in the crafting and rechartering of their political and social roles as female citizens within the New Republic.


During the French Revolution, hundreds of domestic and working-class women of Paris were interrogated, examined, accused, denounced, arrested, and imprisoned for their rebellious and often hostile behavior. Here, for the first time in English translation,

About the Author

Dominique Godineau is Professor of Social Science at the Université de Rennes 2. This work originally appeared in French as Citoyennes tricoteuses: Les femmes du peuple à Paris pendant la Révolution française.

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations 
Preface: Marianne's Hands 
Abbreviations 

I. PARISIAN LIFE IN THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
    1. Passersby 
    2. Family Relations of Women of the People 
    3. Women at Work 
II. ASPIRING CITIZENS
    4. Birth of the Female Sansculottes Movement, 1789-1793 
    5. Women as Guardians of the Nation 
    6. Light and Shadows, Summer 1793 
    7. Citizenship Denied, Autumn 1793 
    8. The Search for Basic Necessities, January-July 1794 
III. REVOLUTIONARY DAILY LIFE OF WOMEN OF THE PEOPLE
    9. Political Culture and Female Sociability 197
    10. Political Mentalite and Behavior of Women of the People 
    11. At the Margins of the Revolution 
    12. Sexual Difference and Equal Rights 
IV. A MASS WOMEN'S MOVEMENT
    13. From the Militant Woman to Crowds of Women, November 1794-March 1795 
    14. Firebrands, April-May 1795 
    15. "Bread and the Constitution" 
    16. Women's Silence 
    
Conclusion 

Appendixes
1. Chronology of the Revolution 
2. Sections of Paris 
3. Portraits of Militant Women 
Index