Sociology

Read an excerpt from "Beyond the Binary," an exploration of early Hanafi legal thought that reveals early Muslim jurists imagined a world built not on a binary distinction between male and female but on multiple intersecting hierarchies of gender, age, enslavement, lineage, class, and other social roles.

In Mexico today, thousands of families are searching for loved ones who have disappeared amid the violence associated with “the war on drugs.” Trade agreements like NAFTA created conditions that allowed criminal organizations to thrive—and ordinary people have paid the price.

Unless considerable prisons reforms are made now—like an aggressive 50% reduction in prison population—the next epidemic will provoke calamities similar to COVID-19.